Cosmologists have pegged the time of first attraction between helium nuclei and electrons at about 15,000 years after the Big Bang, with the second electrons needed to complete the atom being brought at around the 100,000 year mark.
HOW???
@phoghat: I'm not even remotely an expert, but I'd guess they arrive at that figure through their estimations of the size and temperature of the universe at that given point combined with the electrical charge of the helium nuclei. 15,000 years is probably around when the universe was cool and big enough for the helium nuclei to attract electrons without interference from photons. However, once that first electron was in place, the charge of the now unstable atom was considerably less, meaning it took a while longer for the universe to get big and cool enough for the second electron to be attracted.
Again, not an expert, and I could be very, very wrong.
I've always pictured a combo of this and the Big Bang. Assuming that the universe contracts, instead of a "Big Bounce" the singularity pops out of existence in this dimension, and pops into existence as a "Big Bang" in another dimension, basically turning itself inside out. Very similar really. I look forward to their future work.
Oh - and in case it wasn't clear, the point I made is that the term "multiverse" is irrational - go back and check. I'll wait. :)
Back now? Good.
So you see, contrary to your assertions, I have never claimed the concept "multiverse" doesn't exist. That is just a straw man (*another* logical fallacy) on your part.
Nice try at a diversion from the sad fact you have *no* rational reason for accepting the term, let alone getting others to accept it (as you tried). Unfortunately for you, your little diversion didn't work. But I am certain that won't prevent you from continuing to accept the term without rational basis. You have already *amply* demonstrated your acceptance of faith over reason. :D
You know, the worst thing in the world is when you roll into work with a coffee in hand, and head to your first bathroom break of the day, and then you sit down only to find the toilet seat warm from when someone in the previous incarnation of the universe was sitting on it.
Since something cannot become nothing and nothing cannot become something, the idea that the universe has a beginning point and an end point is as mystical (ie irrational) as any religious 'origins' tale.
@Pope John Peeps II: By definition, the universe is everything. It properly includes any form/sections of reality.
Of course, any "form of existence/section of reality" is *something*. So my original point stands, regardless of semantic dispute over the term 'universe'
@Mandrock: No, that's the definition of the WORD Universe. That doesn't have to be the boundary of the reality we live in. Let's just wait and let scientists sort out this argument, eh?
@Mandrock: And how can the definition of something include unknown aspects of reality? That's not even the proper definition. The "Universe" is the extent of physical matter/ energy in measurable space. That's what a universe is. Where that energy came from may be another universe? Maybe this one endlessly recycling. Nobody knows. But you can't simply say that "oh this is this way" when nobody can prove it.
@Pope John Peeps II: "And how can the definition of something include unknown aspects of reality? That's not even the proper definition."
Then I must additionally dispute your idea of definitions then. A definition identifies the fundamental characteristics of something. It does not include every aspect of a thing - known or unknown. For instance, the definition of "man" is 'rational animal'. Now, there are certainly many things which are unknown about man. But they are still *all* subsumed under that definition. The same thing is true of "universe". It is "all that exists". Now, there are certainly many things which are unknown about the universe. But those unknowns are still *all* subsumed under that definition.
"you can't simply say that "oh this is this way" when nobody can prove it."
I can say "existence exists" and "only existence exists". And those are easily proved via direct perception. If you claim otherwise, you have quite a lot to prove and literally *nothing* with which to prove it.
@Mandrock: Well if your definition is that broad, then I guess that's okay. BUt it's still inaccurate. The definition of the word Universe is "all that exists". But the correlative point to that definition is that it is all that exists FOR US. If you're going to argue that things like alternate realities and different quantum states are part of OUR universe, well go at it. It still sounds silly to me.
Either way, for the purposes of an observer situated in this particular existence, this place we are in is "the Universe", and there are theories that say that on a quantum level, something can in fact come out of nothing.
@Pope John Peeps II: "But the correlative point to that definition is that it is all that exists FOR US"
This is incorrect. It is all that exists - *period*. No qualifiers.
"for the purposes of an observer situated in this particular existence, this place we are in is "the Universe", and there are theories that say that on a quantum level, something can in fact come out of nothing."
This place in the universe is something. Other places in the universe are something. So something (in this part of the universe) can indeed come from something (in another part of the universe). But something (anything in any part of the universe) cannot come from nothing (no part of anything).
Again, if you claim otherwise, you must point to this 'nothingness' (an impossibility) and show that it *exists* (a contradiction). And then you must *prove* it exists, which requires reference to it - ie *evidence* of it. Of course, since nothingness is the absence of *any* thing, and proof is reference to *some* thing, you will *never* be able to prove your claim. It will *always* remain an absurdity because it violates the fundamental law of reality - the law of identity (which is also the foundational law of logic). Any claim about the existence of nothingness is literally senseless. It is the epitome of irrationality. Which is why, as I said at the beginning, any claim about the existence of nothingness has all the intellectual weight of the creation myth - ie *none* at all.
If you want to make a claim to the contrary, you have a lot to do and absolutely nothing with which to do it.
@Mandrock: I REALLY don't want to get between the lovefest/debate here, but I must object to the definition of "the universe" as "all there is." There might well be things outside this universe like, oh, other universes. Thus "the" universe would not be all there is. Worth remembering, I think.
@HighNoon: "I must object to the definition of "the universe" as "all there is." There might well be things outside this universe like, oh, other universes. Thus "the" universe would not be all there is. Worth remembering, I think."
Not worth remembering at all, because there is no such thing as "outside the universe". There is *only* the universe, which is *everything*. That means if you discover something, it is part of the universe. Talk about stuff "outside" the universe is nonsensical. There simply is no "outside" everything.
If you want to make up terms to describe certain types of things or groupings of things which exist, go right ahead. But there is only one concept which identifies "all that exists" and that is "universe". To speak of multiple universes is an absurd contradiction of terms.
@Mandrock: Now you're kind of being a huge dick, and insulting HighNoon because he has an obviously different definition of "the universe" than you do.
This is not a cool thing to do. You know you're working under a different linguistic rule, and yet you persist in framing the argument as if we're stupid and you're the possessor of some sort of advanced knowledge.
This is rapidly becoming not cool of you Mandrock. You started off so well.
Unrelated: are the oversized avatar icons that obscure a portion of the comment text a facebook thing? I'm getting it on Douglas Raymond's and Mohamed Ismail's comments. BTW, I'm using Chrome.
This is very interesting but why don't they work on something that will benefit mankind? How does knowing how/if the big bang happened help us have better sources for energy or the ability to travel between stars within ones lifetime?
@Polybius: Many discoveries and innovations are made while the people are trying to work on something else -- maybe these scientists will stumble across a cure for cancer.
Wow. I came up with this idea when I was thirteen, only I went further and postulated that because this chain of universes exists with time within them and not outside, affecting them, that they all coexist the same space/time, though not really space/time because universes contain all space/time, so a new nominclature would have to be considered. Anyway, the point was that each consecutive universe had subtle variations based upon what had happened in the prior universe, and so were alternate versions of each other, thus allowing for alternate realities to exist simultaneously, and a multiverse, etc. Maybe I should have been a scientist, because I never had the science or math to back this up, just the feeling and the logic.
08/23/09
I'm sure John Carter and Dejah Thoris will look favorably upon their quest.
08/23/09
...just kidding..
08/22/09
HOW???
08/22/09
Again, not an expert, and I could be very, very wrong.
12/13/08
12/13/08
Back now? Good.
So you see, contrary to your assertions, I have never claimed the concept "multiverse" doesn't exist. That is just a straw man (*another* logical fallacy) on your part.
Nice try at a diversion from the sad fact you have *no* rational reason for accepting the term, let alone getting others to accept it (as you tried). Unfortunately for you, your little diversion didn't work. But I am certain that won't prevent you from continuing to accept the term without rational basis. You have already *amply* demonstrated your acceptance of faith over reason. :D
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Of course, any "form of existence/section of reality" is *something*. So my original point stands, regardless of semantic dispute over the term 'universe'
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Then I must additionally dispute your idea of definitions then. A definition identifies the fundamental characteristics of something. It does not include every aspect of a thing - known or unknown. For instance, the definition of "man" is 'rational animal'. Now, there are certainly many things which are unknown about man. But they are still *all* subsumed under that definition. The same thing is true of "universe". It is "all that exists". Now, there are certainly many things which are unknown about the universe. But those unknowns are still *all* subsumed under that definition.
"you can't simply say that "oh this is this way" when nobody can prove it."
I can say "existence exists" and "only existence exists". And those are easily proved via direct perception. If you claim otherwise, you have quite a lot to prove and literally *nothing* with which to prove it.
Have at it. :D
12/12/08
Either way, for the purposes of an observer situated in this particular existence, this place we are in is "the Universe", and there are theories that say that on a quantum level, something can in fact come out of nothing.
12/12/08
This is incorrect. It is all that exists - *period*. No qualifiers.
"for the purposes of an observer situated in this particular existence, this place we are in is "the Universe", and there are theories that say that on a quantum level, something can in fact come out of nothing."
This place in the universe is something. Other places in the universe are something. So something (in this part of the universe) can indeed come from something (in another part of the universe). But something (anything in any part of the universe) cannot come from nothing (no part of anything).
Again, if you claim otherwise, you must point to this 'nothingness' (an impossibility) and show that it *exists* (a contradiction). And then you must *prove* it exists, which requires reference to it - ie *evidence* of it. Of course, since nothingness is the absence of *any* thing, and proof is reference to *some* thing, you will *never* be able to prove your claim. It will *always* remain an absurdity because it violates the fundamental law of reality - the law of identity (which is also the foundational law of logic). Any claim about the existence of nothingness is literally senseless. It is the epitome of irrationality. Which is why, as I said at the beginning, any claim about the existence of nothingness has all the intellectual weight of the creation myth - ie *none* at all.
If you want to make a claim to the contrary, you have a lot to do and absolutely nothing with which to do it.
Good luck on that. :)
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Not worth remembering at all, because there is no such thing as "outside the universe". There is *only* the universe, which is *everything*. That means if you discover something, it is part of the universe. Talk about stuff "outside" the universe is nonsensical. There simply is no "outside" everything.
If you want to make up terms to describe certain types of things or groupings of things which exist, go right ahead. But there is only one concept which identifies "all that exists" and that is "universe". To speak of multiple universes is an absurd contradiction of terms.
12/12/08
This is not a cool thing to do. You know you're working under a different linguistic rule, and yet you persist in framing the argument as if we're stupid and you're the possessor of some sort of advanced knowledge.
This is rapidly becoming not cool of you Mandrock. You started off so well.
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[* T-shirt!]
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That's not being a scientist. That's being a philosopher. Or more accurately, that's being a really really bad philosopher.