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I'd also suggest Ien Ang's Watching Dallas. It is pretty problematic since she based her research on respondents to one ad she placed in one magazine but it is still pretty interesting.
I'd also highly recommend Lynn Spigel's Make Room For TV. It is more of a cultural history and looks at the ways in which television reshaped our lives and even reconfigured the way we build houses.
Also worth considering is the anonymous pamphlet 'Test Card F' - which can be read on Google Books here (and for extra postmodern points is referred to in The Invisibles...): [books.google.com]
In my seminar college discussions of McLuhan, we argued about TV being hot or cool for weeks. I think the advent of cable changed the game and drove TV into the "hot" realm - but you could also argue that with TV, the content present on the media is too varied for the medium to be defined simply. Which is why arguing about McLuhan is so much fun, and because his statement that "the medium is the message" is a maddening oversimplification of his theories, I always tried to read it as "how we perceive and understand the message is limited, and enhanced, by its medium."
@Soupytwist: "I think the advent of cable changed the game and drove TV into the "hot" realm - but you could also argue that with TV, the content present on the media is too varied for the medium to be defined simply."
This is very true.. the advent of movies on television definitely blurred the landscape and made the medium more complex. TV used to be a much stricter display and delivery of a certain kind of content (that which we think of as television: sitcoms, crime dramas, those specific formats created for the television delivery system and medium)
I also find it amusing that tv grew out of radio, with regard to early content: they didn't yet know what to do with this new medium, so they would re-work radio plays in a television context. It was early performers (borrowed over from radio), like Milton Berle, that began to shape and sculpt with the new medium. Ernie Kovacs also comes to mind.
@Soupytwist: It's more accurate to say something like "the medium conveys information and meaning directly in its very structure and in its impact on us, apart from the content of the medium".
@Pope John Peeps II: The distinction that we're making is the same, the medium is not LITERALLY the message but you can't ignore the medium in the discussion of the message/content.
The failure of a lot of audience members/readers to recognize that really bums me out sometimes. There is a huge difference, for example, between a novel and a film adaptation, but too often the comparison happens (which was better?) and not the discussion of the content/message as delivered in the medium.
Unless one enjoys reading pretentious or academic criticism, which I don't.
@Dr.ClaytonForrester: You could also argue that those early TV formulas stolen from radio are still going strong in current TV sitcoms. The fat husband/hot wife, the stupid neighbor/relative, the loyal companion - just slap 'em on screen and watch it work.
@Soupytwist: Well, we're not exactly saying the same thing. Yes the medium affects the content of the message, but more importantly the medium does this because it itself is encoded with certain information. This is the origin of the hot/cold division, for example, and why certain messages are more effective in hot media than cold ones.
Mcluhan once said that a lightbulb was a device of pure information carrying. That by its very nature and existence, it transmits a fundamental change in the human consciousness and our conscious process. Thus "the medium is the message".
@Pope John Peeps II: McLuhan simplifies things (the light bulb example) to get people thinking about what the media means separately from its designed purpose. Now that we have examined that, how does the new understanding impact the designed purpose? That, to me, is the core of McLuhan: we cannot engage with anything in a meaningful way until we examine how it is coming to us.
McLuhan also describes the message/content as being like a Russian doll: the content of writing is speech, the content of speech is thought, thought is nonverbal and is the smallest doll of all, small enough to be insignificant. This idea is intriguing, but completely disregards the creator of the content. Something he consistently does.
I think for people who haven't read (or have tried to read and given up on) McLuhan, or find McLuhan's assumptions about human physiology and perception suspect, they might get a bigger kick out of James Carey or Walter Ong.
I have to admit, after I read Ong's Orality & Literacy and Carey's Communication As Culture, I had a much better understanding of what McLuhan was attempting to communicate, what he was building towards as a school of thought.
This many years later and I am still on the fence about McLuhan! I have no reservations about Carey, though. That man was pure genius.
@Soupytwist: You make good points, but I think you miss a small aspect of McLuhan's work. The "designed purpose" of a medium is not the actual purpose of a medium. It's not really that we should think about how something's getting to us in order that we can deal with the something, but it's that we should deal with the effect the "how" is creating.
You're right that he somewhat disregards the creator of content, and to me that seems entirely appropriate because his purpose is not to delve into content but to examine structure... Most of what he does in Understanding Media delves into the unconscious change of scale and speed brought on by new media, and their concomitant effects on the human psyche. His definition of the word "message" is not the content of the actual medium, what we would today call the message of something, but is in fact the effect that medium has on the structure of our consciousness, or the pace of our lives. It's a weird use of an accepted word.
I don't recall that nesting doll quote from my readings, and to be honest, it sounds funny to my ears. Are you certain McLuhan would have said that thought itself is insignificant? I don't see that as something he would have written.
@Pope John Peeps II: You misunderstand me, I use the phrase "designed purpose" to intentionally call out what thing was meant to do vs. how it actually does (the "How" of McLuhan). Bad writing.
You don't recall the Russian doll bit because that's my interpretation of his statements - I paraphrased "the content of writing is speech" bit - forgive the lack of quotable materials at my disposal. I do recall quite clearly that he referred to thought as "nonverbal" and without content. The medium is its own content/message. Thought is contentless and therefore not media.
You and I are, in fact, using the "message" in the same way that McLuhan means it...
I don't misunderstand McLuhan, I've just internalized a lot of it and so I use my own words to describe his work. In other words: I learned it.
And, like I said at the very beginning, he's a lot of fun to discuss and argue over. But, ultimately, he isn't quite all there, and so I remain skeptical about his conclusions.
Evil Tortie's Mom: R.O.A.C.H. promoted this comment
Edited by Drunkenlobster at 08/30/09 5:09 PM
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I once read that we, as individuals can only really know and care about 160 people. So I wonder , how many of those 160 people I know and care about are TV characters? Let me see, Buffy, River, and Xena are on my list. How about yours?
When I was in college, 40 years ago, I took an Art Appreciation class at 7AM. The bell rang and the professor entered the room talking about art in a totally random, scatter-shot fashion. He ignored everyone, just talked a blue-streak and stopped, often in mid-sentence, the moment the end of class bell rang.
This drove the note-takers insane and many people congregated outside of his office door demanding to know WTF he was doing. He kept his door locked and refused to speak to any of us. He went on like this for the entire semister!
I got into the habit of going to this class half-asleep and just letting the drone of his unrelenting chatter wash over me. I figured we were either all going to flunk or all going to get A's depending on exactly how crazy this guy was.
When he presented the final exam and people saw that it was 150 multiple choice and five essay questions, a few students actually had emotional breakdowns on the spot. I looked at the first question and realized I KNEW the answer! I breezed thru the rest of it in a state of disbelief. How did I KNOW this stuff! I even had whole concepts to apply to the essay questions!
After collecting the exams, he passed around a questionaire asking how old we were when we first started watching tv, how many hours a day we watched, etc. He told us to return the next day and ALL WOULD BE EXPLAINED.
The whole thing had been an experiment for his PhD thesis on how television alters our ability to process information. I had watched the most tv and scored 98 on the exam. The students with very little exposure to tv all flunked the exam. He gave them B's, to be fair.
Television had trained my brain to absorb and retain random bits of information and form them into cohesive patterns.
@Evil Tortie's Mom: R.O.A.C.H.: I believe his thesis was rejected. He was, afterall, trying to prove the theories of McLuhan who was scorned by academics at the time.
I think the way the brain is trained by watching television was even more pronounced in the older, low-resolution projection of dots fired at the back of a tube. If you get up close to an older tv, you can only see dots; there are no solids, no hard lines. The visual right-brain fills in the blanks and says, hey, that looks like a dog or whatever. It's this process of absorbing dots and accepting them as whole images that alters the way the brain works.
Also, for the first 10 years of my life I only had black and white tv so my mind had to fill in the colors, too.
McLuhan's observations weren't really about the content of the media. His interest was in how types of media alter perception.
For example, if your sole source of information is the printed page, he felt that led to left-brained linear perceptions. A reader expects reality to unfold in a straight line, in an orderly progression from beginning to end.
A tv watcher, on the other hand, expects reality to be a chaos of bits that form patterns in an endless chain of impressions.
So McLuhan was basically saying that all of academia was based on imposing a linear, orderly structure where none actually exists in reality. And television was training people to see reality in a radially different way.
@sjct: Poor guy, he really deserved that thesis. Getting the last laugh doesn't make up for not getting the PhD.
I see your point regarding early TV being even more abstract, b/c I remember both those big-ass fuzzy dots and B&W TV's. While the elasticity of TV plots and storytelling has expanded, it does take a lot less interpretation to see a color hi-def picture as reality.
We had a B&W TV as a kid, and indeed I watched stuff on B&W sets till into the 80's, but I too always remember it as being in color. My brain was trained young enough, I suppose.
How the hell did you miss Neil Postman? After McLuhan, he's probably the most important figure on this issue. "Amusing Ourselves to Death" and "Technopoly" are classics.
@Foggynotion: I kept waiting for 'Amusing Ourselves to Death' to come up, too. It's a bit dated, now, but still quite an interesting and relevant book on popular media.
What I hate* about television is its ability to get us rallying around and excited about purely fictional things as if they are 'real life': while at the same time getting us disconnected about people's lives as they exist in real life. The anticipation factor is a good observation too.
McLuhan, if he were alive today, would probably create a third category for the web, for its ability to mind-numbingly bend and alter our perceptions of reality and identity set themselves apart from the passive medium of television and the easily-background medium of radio. (Although personally I love radio, and get very engaged by it. Call me old school, from the days of boomboxes in neighborhoods of Brooklyn, where radio was the only broadcast medium out there that *anyone* could engage in.)
I would also recommend Jerry Mander's "Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television" ... a fascinating read.
*hate being a pretty strong word: I at the same time love so much sci-fi that it kind of reveals my dual nature about the thing. I could rationalize it by saying that sci-fi is so theoretical that it can't be used as a replacement for real life the way more conventional 'drama' tv does ... sci-fi helps us to dream.
@Dr.ClaytonForrester: What I hate* about television is its ability to get us rallying around and excited about purely fictional things as if they are 'real life':
I find it funny that you hate TV for that reason. It seems people did it naturally for thousands of years before we ever invented television...
Or for those who continue to vote for River Tam: Ruin a perfectly fun and meaningless tournament by obsessing over a good one season TV show, and a mediocre movie.
@Mixiboi: See my overlong comment in the poll thread.
But I disagree with you, Firefly was better than good and Serenity was better than mediocre. I just rewatched it all for fun, so I'm biased. Still, I wish there had been more.
@Dr Emilio Lizardo: Seriously? A friend say me down through the first three or four episodes, and I politely sat through them, but there's no way I'd watch any more of it voluntarily.
Not that it was awful, but the whole show was just kind of cliched and underwelming TV space adventure junk. Seriously overrated, considering how many people cream themselves at the mention of the show.
Maybe if I was still in high school I'd get into it like I did Farscape.
Any way, a young girl who's name I had to look up, from a middling short-lived TV program getting more votes than a ubiquitous American cultural icon? Yeah, it's pretty fishy. And I don't even like Batman!
I mention the TV thing because it doesn't make any sense. If a cool medium means your brain has to engage in the process and a hot medium means you can lay back and let the process entertain you, I fail to understand why television is a cool medium. So I don't buy into what McLuhan defines as hot and cool. Moreover I don't buy into the hot/cool concept because it seems less than rigorously defined. You could make the argument that your brain is going to take an active part in any artistic medium, really, since there's a lot even in hot mediums like movies that rely on implication, on what's gone on in between scenes, in allusion to other movies, in a presumption of knowledge of historical or biographical context. Besides that, McLuhan relied on a way, way oversimplified interpretation of the left-brain/right-brain thing. Basically I think he's a crackpot.
I would also label him postmodern specifically because of his approach-- it, unlike the philosophical technique of contemporary analytics, relies not on rigorous definition or analysis, but on decentering familiar concepts by looking at them from different perspectives, on rather vague insights, on forcible yoking of heterogenous ideas together to produce interesting, but often poorly defined notions.
@gargle: Well, with all due respect, you're basing your opinion on a weak, unstudied definition of what he means by hot and cool. I can't imagine he'd ever have suggested there are media where your brain takes no active part in their consumption.
He calls television cool (keep in mind that he's talking about television of the '60s, where the picture really was considerably lower-res than it is today; it would have been interesting to hear his thoughts on HDTVs) not just because the picture is fuzzier, but because the viewing process is more involved: You're providing an enormous amount of context, whether you realize it or not, every time you flip the switch on, just knowing what, for example, newscasters are talking about. Moreover, because of what you're providing, it makes for a different experience -- consider that one does not, generally, leave a movie playing in the background while one does other things around the house; but people leave the TV on all the time. It feels like having company, and it's obviously not because the people on TV are any different from the people in a movie; it's because you bring something different, mentally, to the process. You can listen to TV without really watching, or have a conversation while it's on, which are both much harder to do with a movie. And then there's channel-flipping.
You're right about the terms being less than rigorously defined (he copped to as much, frequently). All I can say is that having read him for about a decade now, I feel like the study has paid off -- I get what he's saying, and what he's saying jibes with what I see in the world around me. You're right about the decentering, too, but that's built into his work: He'd say about contemporary analytics, I think, that it's the clear result of a typography-based mind-set -- you want to line everything up precisely, put everything in its right place. (Forgive me if I'm misunderstanding the CA, and please correct me.) And while he was a huge fan of that mind-set, he'd note that what seems like clear, linear logic and common sense to you doesn't necessarily obtain in the rest of the world. It's not relativism -- it's just that there are differences we're usually not conscious of in how people in different cultures' brains work. (McLuhan could have told you not just six but ten or twenty years ago that "bringing" democracy to Iraq wouldn't work, for example.) And the only way to make those clear is to shake the brain up a little.
@Moff: Yeah, I didn't read the Medium is the Message yesterday necessarily, so you are probably more familiar with the hot and cool terminology. I would argue with the conversation-during-tv thing, though. I for one cannot turn my eyes away from a TV screen because my brain is filling up so much of the blank parts of the screen that it's constantly calling my attention back to it. It sort of hypnotizes you in a way movies don't. I couldn't be in a theatre all day, but I have spent all day in front of a television set. I've fallen asleep in a theatre, but watching TV is so close to sleep anyway that I've never managed to fall asleep in front of a TV set. I think the reasons people don't talk in theatres (depending on what theatre your in-- my Watchman viewing experience was very vocal), is for social reasons, not because of the medium itself. You're paying money, you've got a limited amount of time in the theatre you can't get back without paying more money, there's travel involved, you watch it in darkness with strangers-- these social conventions disinspire talking, but I don't think it's so much the projected image versus the cathode ray image that does it, so much as the social conventions.
And all that context you say is at play in television viewing was certainly present when you watched the Watchmen movie. You in fact addressed you inability to view the movie without the context of the comic book. There's the context of American history-- the line about how America would have changed if we'd lost Vietnam is dependent on the context that we did lose Vietnam. The soundtrack brings in a lot of context as well, bringing a sense of nostalgia that would be impossible if we weren't already familiar with all the songs Snyder chose to use.
CA is enamored of precision in terms of defining their vocabulary and concepts. But not only are CA very aware that their notion of common sense doesn't line up with the rest of the world, but they're aware that their methods aren't effective outside of math and science. They don't venture into ethics or politics, and they would never have said anything about bringing democracy to Iraq-- Chomsky holds to a lot of CA ideas and methods and he certainly never said so. And his political opinions are in an entirely different space than his scientific investigations into language.
CA philosophers have held entirely opposing views, many of which McLuhan would agree with. Wittgenstein, for instance, came to the conclusion that most philosophical debates have continued without resolution for years because they were basically cognitive misfires. CA philosophers are also hyper-aware of theory-ladenness, which is basically a way of saying that if theory informs your experiments of analysis, your methods of experiments and analysis are probably not going to be as objective as is ideal. For instance, it was Karl Popper who said no scientific theory can ever be regarded as proven, but only as not yet disproven. And it was the Duhem-Quine thesis that said the method of disproving theories relies on a presumption of proven facts, so that theories that have been disproven might yet hold scientific weight if the proven facts underlying their infirmation turn out not to be true.
So, basically, although CA philosophers value rigor and precision in their methods, they are quite aware of the flaws in their thinking. And things are not lined up and in their place-- the end result of the CA mathematical philosophers was that there's an infinity of mathematical systems whose axioms don't rely on tautology-- that is, an infinity of mathematical systems with contradictory truths within themselves. They just haven't given up on the pursuit of a certain kind of truth and a resolution to the great philosophical debates. Unless you're a Wittgensteinian. Which I am. The main thing I see with postmodernists/continentalists/whatever McLuhan is, is they've given up on any sort of consensus or proof or truth, and just play around with the language and destructuring to get meaning, but meaning that isn't pinned down. Which is fun, I guess. But CA meaning is no more pinned down; every term used is also subject to debate, its just a debate where everyone is on the same page and knows how each philosopher has used each term, and are speaking to other people who are also familiar with the history.
Does this exclude a lot of people? Yes. But this kind of philosophy was never regarded as anything other than a study and discourse by particular kinds of experts. On the other hand, the pomo/continental/whatever philosopers don't seem to admit that their discourse excludes as many people as the CA philos do. There's plenty of Americans that couldn't read that stuff, much less a person from a different culture. As much decentering and playing and infirming as goes on their, it's still highly Westernized decentering and playing and infirming.
@gargle: It would be faster, and more fun, to be having this conversation over beers, dammit. Briefly, though:
As far as going to the theater, etc., goes, I'm pretty sure McLuhan would point out that those things are actually part of the medium. The phrase "the medium is the message," after all, refers not just to the fundamental technology itself, but to how that technology's effect on our behavior.
And I guess part of the reason I don't see McLuhan as what comes to mind when I hear "postmodernist" is that he was trying to get at some answers that could be pinned down. His book Laws of Media reflects an attempt to do exactly that, in fact. Too, while he was obviously writing for a Western, English-speaking audience (which I think is fair, since he was an English-speaking Westerner), his material reflects a total awareness of that bias. I mean, you could make a strong case that that's ultimately the theme of Understanding Media.
@Moff: Well, it's good he's aware, anyway. You certainly can't help but be biased to your cultural context. As Howard Zinn puts it, you can't help but edit, even when you're telling history, so the best thing to do is admit you're editing rather than believe you're telling an objective truth.
However, I was thinking about this whole cultural incommensurability thing, and realized: science and math are actually really fantastic at transcending cultural bounds. Anyone, no matter their language or culture or whatever, is capable of being on the same page with math and science-- go to MIT and you'll see an international smorgasbord. And yet the mentality seems to be that typographical mindset of lining things up and having them precisely just so-- practicing scientists and mathemeticians are very resistant to things like Godel's theorem being of any practical importance. Just funny how that works out.
i had the exact opposite reaction to Rorsatch's dialogue. When it was written, it got tedious, but I though Jackie Earle Haley made those lines sing.
And didn't McLuhan label television cool? By what logic (I know the logic, but I disagree with it)? Fuck that guy and his pomo cohorts. Contemporary Analytics and common sense all the way.
@gargle: He did label television cool; why do you mention it? And although I don't know a lot about postmodernism, I don't think the label exactly fits him. He's addressing a lot of the same issues, but coming at it from a different way.
Anyway, I can see how the diary works for other people. As someone mentioned above, it is a noir-film conceit. I guess I just found it jarring used in conjunction with all the other styles going on in the movie, whereas in the comic, it felt seamless blended in.
January 14th 2009: A partially-eaten Peking Duck trolls on a well known SF blog and rages for thirty comments before being disemvowelled.
Dude, it's only a movie. Lighten the F' up.
1973: I am five years old playing "Batman vs Star Trek" with my sister and our friends. I am always Alfred.
1983: My father waxes nostalgic about the comic books he read as a child: Blackhawks, Captain America, The Flash...I roll my eyes and head for my room to finish off a roach and read Anarchy Comix and The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers. Super-heros are sooo lame.
Tuesday: At the theater a fat man has bought the last box of Milk Duds. My friend is hella pissed. I think she's gonna clock him.
Sunday: I should really stop reading posts about this movie as I still haven't seen it. Dang, this Josh guy writes well. Pretty much jibes with my expectations.
September 1986: I am a student at SVA sitting in a dorm studio crowded with fellow Cartooning majors reading the latest issue of Watchmen. We realize the comic book field and the intrinsic nature of the super-hero trope is being changed forever.
This book...the book is taking me to pieces.
Tuesday: I am seeing the Watchmen film for the very first time. Totally psyched but realistic. I want very much for a beautiful woman to hand me a glass of very cold beer.
March 2008: io9 is posting the first photos of characters from the long awaited Watchmen. This is sooo cool looking. What's with the nipples on Ozymandias' suit?
@Grey_Area: Volvoxnomad's journal, March 15th. Grey Area made me smile today. Why are there so few commenters left who are witty, concise, and without delusions of self-importance.
To all other io9ers, I'm not implying that you are deluded. But I just came here from reading comment streams on wired.com. If you've been there, you know what I'm talking about.
08/30/09
I'd also highly recommend Lynn Spigel's Make Room For TV. It is more of a cultural history and looks at the ways in which television reshaped our lives and even reconfigured the way we build houses.
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[books.google.com]
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This is very true.. the advent of movies on television definitely blurred the landscape and made the medium more complex. TV used to be a much stricter display and delivery of a certain kind of content (that which we think of as television: sitcoms, crime dramas, those specific formats created for the television delivery system and medium)
I also find it amusing that tv grew out of radio, with regard to early content: they didn't yet know what to do with this new medium, so they would re-work radio plays in a television context. It was early performers (borrowed over from radio), like Milton Berle, that began to shape and sculpt with the new medium. Ernie Kovacs also comes to mind.
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The failure of a lot of audience members/readers to recognize that really bums me out sometimes. There is a huge difference, for example, between a novel and a film adaptation, but too often the comparison happens (which was better?) and not the discussion of the content/message as delivered in the medium.
Unless one enjoys reading pretentious or academic criticism, which I don't.
Wow. Got kinda ranty there. Sorry!
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Mcluhan once said that a lightbulb was a device of pure information carrying. That by its very nature and existence, it transmits a fundamental change in the human consciousness and our conscious process. Thus "the medium is the message".
08/30/09
McLuhan also describes the message/content as being like a Russian doll: the content of writing is speech, the content of speech is thought, thought is nonverbal and is the smallest doll of all, small enough to be insignificant. This idea is intriguing, but completely disregards the creator of the content. Something he consistently does.
I think for people who haven't read (or have tried to read and given up on) McLuhan, or find McLuhan's assumptions about human physiology and perception suspect, they might get a bigger kick out of James Carey or Walter Ong.
I have to admit, after I read Ong's Orality & Literacy and Carey's Communication As Culture, I had a much better understanding of what McLuhan was attempting to communicate, what he was building towards as a school of thought.
This many years later and I am still on the fence about McLuhan! I have no reservations about Carey, though. That man was pure genius.
08/30/09
You're right that he somewhat disregards the creator of content, and to me that seems entirely appropriate because his purpose is not to delve into content but to examine structure... Most of what he does in Understanding Media delves into the unconscious change of scale and speed brought on by new media, and their concomitant effects on the human psyche. His definition of the word "message" is not the content of the actual medium, what we would today call the message of something, but is in fact the effect that medium has on the structure of our consciousness, or the pace of our lives. It's a weird use of an accepted word.
I don't recall that nesting doll quote from my readings, and to be honest, it sounds funny to my ears. Are you certain McLuhan would have said that thought itself is insignificant? I don't see that as something he would have written.
08/30/09
You don't recall the Russian doll bit because that's my interpretation of his statements - I paraphrased "the content of writing is speech" bit - forgive the lack of quotable materials at my disposal. I do recall quite clearly that he referred to thought as "nonverbal" and without content. The medium is its own content/message. Thought is contentless and therefore not media.
You and I are, in fact, using the "message" in the same way that McLuhan means it...
I don't misunderstand McLuhan, I've just internalized a lot of it and so I use my own words to describe his work. In other words: I learned it.
And, like I said at the very beginning, he's a lot of fun to discuss and argue over. But, ultimately, he isn't quite all there, and so I remain skeptical about his conclusions.
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This drove the note-takers insane and many people congregated outside of his office door demanding to know WTF he was doing. He kept his door locked and refused to speak to any of us. He went on like this for the entire semister!
I got into the habit of going to this class half-asleep and just letting the drone of his unrelenting chatter wash over me. I figured we were either all going to flunk or all going to get A's depending on exactly how crazy this guy was.
When he presented the final exam and people saw that it was 150 multiple choice and five essay questions, a few students actually had emotional breakdowns on the spot. I looked at the first question and realized I KNEW the answer! I breezed thru the rest of it in a state of disbelief. How did I KNOW this stuff! I even had whole concepts to apply to the essay questions!
After collecting the exams, he passed around a questionaire asking how old we were when we first started watching tv, how many hours a day we watched, etc. He told us to return the next day and ALL WOULD BE EXPLAINED.
The whole thing had been an experiment for his PhD thesis on how television alters our ability to process information. I had watched the most tv and scored 98 on the exam. The students with very little exposure to tv all flunked the exam. He gave them B's, to be fair.
Television had trained my brain to absorb and retain random bits of information and form them into cohesive patterns.
08/30/09
And 40 years ago, the effect was that strong? Back when there were only 3 networks and TV went off the air every night.
Thanks for sharing this story.
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I think the way the brain is trained by watching television was even more pronounced in the older, low-resolution projection of dots fired at the back of a tube. If you get up close to an older tv, you can only see dots; there are no solids, no hard lines. The visual right-brain fills in the blanks and says, hey, that looks like a dog or whatever. It's this process of absorbing dots and accepting them as whole images that alters the way the brain works.
Also, for the first 10 years of my life I only had black and white tv so my mind had to fill in the colors, too.
McLuhan's observations weren't really about the content of the media. His interest was in how types of media alter perception.
For example, if your sole source of information is the printed page, he felt that led to left-brained linear perceptions. A reader expects reality to unfold in a straight line, in an orderly progression from beginning to end.
A tv watcher, on the other hand, expects reality to be a chaos of bits that form patterns in an endless chain of impressions.
So McLuhan was basically saying that all of academia was based on imposing a linear, orderly structure where none actually exists in reality. And television was training people to see reality in a radially different way.
08/30/09
I see your point regarding early TV being even more abstract, b/c I remember both those big-ass fuzzy dots and B&W TV's. While the elasticity of TV plots and storytelling has expanded, it does take a lot less interpretation to see a color hi-def picture as reality.
We had a B&W TV as a kid, and indeed I watched stuff on B&W sets till into the 80's, but I too always remember it as being in color. My brain was trained young enough, I suppose.
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McLuhan, if he were alive today, would probably create a third category for the web, for its ability to mind-numbingly bend and alter our perceptions of reality and identity set themselves apart from the passive medium of television and the easily-background medium of radio. (Although personally I love radio, and get very engaged by it. Call me old school, from the days of boomboxes in neighborhoods of Brooklyn, where radio was the only broadcast medium out there that *anyone* could engage in.)
I would also recommend Jerry Mander's "Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television" ... a fascinating read.
*hate being a pretty strong word: I at the same time love so much sci-fi that it kind of reveals my dual nature about the thing. I could rationalize it by saying that sci-fi is so theoretical that it can't be used as a replacement for real life the way more conventional 'drama' tv does ... sci-fi helps us to dream.
08/30/09
I find it funny that you hate TV for that reason. It seems people did it naturally for thousands of years before we ever invented television...
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But I disagree with you, Firefly was better than good and Serenity was better than mediocre. I just rewatched it all for fun, so I'm biased. Still, I wish there had been more.
08/30/09
I just hope no one out there is thinking that this will help change the minds of Twenty Century Fox, as that would be more sad then anything else.
Which is why I posted that here, as It is another theory as what TV does to people minds: makes them absolutely bat^*$*$ crazy...
08/30/09
It's confusing (even to most fans) how The Dark Knight is getting his ass handed to him from a girl who is afraid of blue gloves.
Of course Batman is more (to the billionth power) popular overall, so even on io9 it's weird.
08/30/09
Not that it was awful, but the whole show was just kind of cliched and underwelming TV space adventure junk. Seriously overrated, considering how many people cream themselves at the mention of the show.
Maybe if I was still in high school I'd get into it like I did Farscape.
Any way, a young girl who's name I had to look up, from a middling short-lived TV program getting more votes than a ubiquitous American cultural icon? Yeah, it's pretty fishy. And I don't even like Batman!
08/30/09
Anyway, I love Firefly and the character, but yeah, it's fishy. Even on a Firefly fansite it would be fishy.
03/16/09
I would also label him postmodern specifically because of his approach-- it, unlike the philosophical technique of contemporary analytics, relies not on rigorous definition or analysis, but on decentering familiar concepts by looking at them from different perspectives, on rather vague insights, on forcible yoking of heterogenous ideas together to produce interesting, but often poorly defined notions.
So that's my two cents.
03/16/09
He calls television cool (keep in mind that he's talking about television of the '60s, where the picture really was considerably lower-res than it is today; it would have been interesting to hear his thoughts on HDTVs) not just because the picture is fuzzier, but because the viewing process is more involved: You're providing an enormous amount of context, whether you realize it or not, every time you flip the switch on, just knowing what, for example, newscasters are talking about. Moreover, because of what you're providing, it makes for a different experience -- consider that one does not, generally, leave a movie playing in the background while one does other things around the house; but people leave the TV on all the time. It feels like having company, and it's obviously not because the people on TV are any different from the people in a movie; it's because you bring something different, mentally, to the process. You can listen to TV without really watching, or have a conversation while it's on, which are both much harder to do with a movie. And then there's channel-flipping.
You're right about the terms being less than rigorously defined (he copped to as much, frequently). All I can say is that having read him for about a decade now, I feel like the study has paid off -- I get what he's saying, and what he's saying jibes with what I see in the world around me. You're right about the decentering, too, but that's built into his work: He'd say about contemporary analytics, I think, that it's the clear result of a typography-based mind-set -- you want to line everything up precisely, put everything in its right place. (Forgive me if I'm misunderstanding the CA, and please correct me.) And while he was a huge fan of that mind-set, he'd note that what seems like clear, linear logic and common sense to you doesn't necessarily obtain in the rest of the world. It's not relativism -- it's just that there are differences we're usually not conscious of in how people in different cultures' brains work. (McLuhan could have told you not just six but ten or twenty years ago that "bringing" democracy to Iraq wouldn't work, for example.) And the only way to make those clear is to shake the brain up a little.
03/16/09
And all that context you say is at play in television viewing was certainly present when you watched the Watchmen movie. You in fact addressed you inability to view the movie without the context of the comic book. There's the context of American history-- the line about how America would have changed if we'd lost Vietnam is dependent on the context that we did lose Vietnam. The soundtrack brings in a lot of context as well, bringing a sense of nostalgia that would be impossible if we weren't already familiar with all the songs Snyder chose to use.
CA is enamored of precision in terms of defining their vocabulary and concepts. But not only are CA very aware that their notion of common sense doesn't line up with the rest of the world, but they're aware that their methods aren't effective outside of math and science. They don't venture into ethics or politics, and they would never have said anything about bringing democracy to Iraq-- Chomsky holds to a lot of CA ideas and methods and he certainly never said so. And his political opinions are in an entirely different space than his scientific investigations into language.
CA philosophers have held entirely opposing views, many of which McLuhan would agree with. Wittgenstein, for instance, came to the conclusion that most philosophical debates have continued without resolution for years because they were basically cognitive misfires. CA philosophers are also hyper-aware of theory-ladenness, which is basically a way of saying that if theory informs your experiments of analysis, your methods of experiments and analysis are probably not going to be as objective as is ideal. For instance, it was Karl Popper who said no scientific theory can ever be regarded as proven, but only as not yet disproven. And it was the Duhem-Quine thesis that said the method of disproving theories relies on a presumption of proven facts, so that theories that have been disproven might yet hold scientific weight if the proven facts underlying their infirmation turn out not to be true.
So, basically, although CA philosophers value rigor and precision in their methods, they are quite aware of the flaws in their thinking. And things are not lined up and in their place-- the end result of the CA mathematical philosophers was that there's an infinity of mathematical systems whose axioms don't rely on tautology-- that is, an infinity of mathematical systems with contradictory truths within themselves. They just haven't given up on the pursuit of a certain kind of truth and a resolution to the great philosophical debates. Unless you're a Wittgensteinian. Which I am. The main thing I see with postmodernists/continentalists/whatever McLuhan is, is they've given up on any sort of consensus or proof or truth, and just play around with the language and destructuring to get meaning, but meaning that isn't pinned down. Which is fun, I guess. But CA meaning is no more pinned down; every term used is also subject to debate, its just a debate where everyone is on the same page and knows how each philosopher has used each term, and are speaking to other people who are also familiar with the history.
Does this exclude a lot of people? Yes. But this kind of philosophy was never regarded as anything other than a study and discourse by particular kinds of experts. On the other hand, the pomo/continental/whatever philosopers don't seem to admit that their discourse excludes as many people as the CA philos do. There's plenty of Americans that couldn't read that stuff, much less a person from a different culture. As much decentering and playing and infirming as goes on their, it's still highly Westernized decentering and playing and infirming.
03/16/09
As far as going to the theater, etc., goes, I'm pretty sure McLuhan would point out that those things are actually part of the medium. The phrase "the medium is the message," after all, refers not just to the fundamental technology itself, but to how that technology's effect on our behavior.
And I guess part of the reason I don't see McLuhan as what comes to mind when I hear "postmodernist" is that he was trying to get at some answers that could be pinned down. His book Laws of Media reflects an attempt to do exactly that, in fact. Too, while he was obviously writing for a Western, English-speaking audience (which I think is fair, since he was an English-speaking Westerner), his material reflects a total awareness of that bias. I mean, you could make a strong case that that's ultimately the theme of Understanding Media.
03/16/09
However, I was thinking about this whole cultural incommensurability thing, and realized: science and math are actually really fantastic at transcending cultural bounds. Anyone, no matter their language or culture or whatever, is capable of being on the same page with math and science-- go to MIT and you'll see an international smorgasbord. And yet the mentality seems to be that typographical mindset of lining things up and having them precisely just so-- practicing scientists and mathemeticians are very resistant to things like Godel's theorem being of any practical importance. Just funny how that works out.
03/15/09
And didn't McLuhan label television cool? By what logic (I know the logic, but I disagree with it)? Fuck that guy and his pomo cohorts. Contemporary Analytics and common sense all the way.
03/15/09
Anyway, I can see how the diary works for other people. As someone mentioned above, it is a noir-film conceit. I guess I just found it jarring used in conjunction with all the other styles going on in the movie, whereas in the comic, it felt seamless blended in.
03/15/09
Dude, it's only a movie. Lighten the F' up.
1973: I am five years old playing "Batman vs Star Trek" with my sister and our friends. I am always Alfred.
1983: My father waxes nostalgic about the comic books he read as a child: Blackhawks, Captain America, The Flash...I roll my eyes and head for my room to finish off a roach and read Anarchy Comix and The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers. Super-heros are sooo lame.
Tuesday: At the theater a fat man has bought the last box of Milk Duds. My friend is hella pissed. I think she's gonna clock him.
Sunday: I should really stop reading posts about this movie as I still haven't seen it. Dang, this Josh guy writes well. Pretty much jibes with my expectations.
September 1986: I am a student at SVA sitting in a dorm studio crowded with fellow Cartooning majors reading the latest issue of Watchmen. We realize the comic book field and the intrinsic nature of the super-hero trope is being changed forever.
This book...the book is taking me to pieces.
Tuesday: I am seeing the Watchmen film for the very first time. Totally psyched but realistic. I want very much for a beautiful woman to hand me a glass of very cold beer.
March 2008: io9 is posting the first photos of characters from the long awaited Watchmen. This is sooo cool looking. What's with the nipples on Ozymandias' suit?
03/15/09
I think the nipples are because it's so cold in Antarctica.
03/15/09
Pardon me, I'm informing your Mom ninety seconds ago that I'll no longer be wearing the whole of my costume.
03/15/09
To all other io9ers, I'm not implying that you are deluded. But I just came here from reading comment streams on wired.com. If you've been there, you know what I'm talking about.
03/15/09
Why are so few of us left active, healthy, and without personality disorders?