cosmology
You may think physics has changed over the past 200 years, but it hasn't. Today, theoretical physicists can't understand why the universe is expanding at an observed rate that doesn't quite mesh with general relativity. Back in the 19th century, theoretical physicists couldn't understand how electromagnetic energy and gravity could propagate through empty space. The proposed solution in both cases was the same: there must some stuff out there that we can't see, yet affects the entire universe. In the past, that substance was aether. Is today's dark energy the modern equivalent?
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