If some of you answer yes, then I aks you another question:
Why then robots, when you can rise (sentient) children?
I really think robots should not be sentient, or in any case if they should, only with a human brain (transplanted?), to make a difference.
An now another point:
Are we programmed? doesn't mose men get excited wen they see a naked good looking woman o viceversa? or when you had a one night stand that you cant remember cos all the alcohol, tabac, etc etc. Was it really you or your programming?
"Even when she wants to have sex, her body makes it impossible for her to consent in a recognizable way"
Consent pertains to something one is capable of choosing to do. It does not apply to that which is impossible in reality. For instance, no one can "consent" to defy the law of gravity. The concept simply doesn't apply. Why? Because the act cannot be performed. If something cannot be done, it is impossible for anyone to allow it to be done. "Will" does not supersede reality. Reality is the primary, not one's desires.
Will presupposes reality. Will does not and cannnot exist without reality. As such, to apply the concept 'consent' to that which is outside reality is (again) the commission of the logical fallacy of the 'stolen concept'.
The question really comes down to: at what level of sentience do we ascribe the notion of desire?
If a robot is capable of understanding the act of sex, and capable of desiring something or not desiring something, then its consent in intelligible non-coerced form is necessary.
Children can't consent to sex because they don't understand the consequences, and because the power imbalance is so great between a child and an adult. I have the feeling that robots, in some forms, would be much the same- the power imbalance would be so great as to make it rape regardless of their "informed" consent.
Of course brainwashing or programming a robot to want sex is the equivalent of dosing someone with a drug...take away the ability to knowingly consent, and the ability to say no, and you've got rape. That's the power imbalance right there.
Animals can't consent to sex because we can't translate their consent or lack of it- despite some gross people claiming the contrary- and I think some robots will fall into this category as well.
Of course a vibrator has no need of consent, since it has no desire to do anything. It's when robots hit the level of sentience that allows them desire, or the lack of it- along with the ability to refuse things- at that point, if it CAPABLE of refusal, but has been programmed not to, that's where it starts getting all rape-y.
I've been thinking lately about having sex with my own clone, or with my own future/past self. How weird would that be? Closer than kin, it would probably be really strange but given the opportunity I think I'd most likely have to do it...most people might not but I've always wanted to try everything, so for those who would...*cue lorraine mcfly* "IT was like kissing my...brother."
I'd be interested to see your thoughts on the following phenomenon.
"Why is it in Science Fiction that almost every time there is a baby, it grows unnaturally fast and then turns into a sexy adult that someone will have sex with?"
To be fair, you did ask for weird.
The most straight-forward case of this (that I can think of) is Isabelle Tyler from the 4400. We wait a long while for her to be born, then she kind of "sucks" up her mother's age and then turns into a sexy young woman. She very shortly thereafter gets married.
This phenomenon has variations. In "Children of Dune" Ghanima Atreides gets married when she's nine years old and presumably shacks up with her husband, but it's "okay" since she has the genetic memory of everyone who has ever lived and is therefore mentally an adult.
In the "Old Man's War" universe, Jane Sagan is chronologically a child, but since she's a special forces clone she has an adult body and mind, and then she shacks up with a chronological and mental adult.
Spock in "The Search for Spock" was less than a chronological year old when he started getting some hot Pon'Far action from Sareck as Genesis began to die.
Rapid aging is a common meme in science fiction, and I take the sexuality part of it as a commentary on what makes someone a rational agent, but I'd be interested to see your thoughts on it.
@braak: It's funny, too, because in a lot of more fantasy-style stuff, there's just the opposite- a kid that gets changed yooung and is some terribly old character in a kid's body. Claudia from Interview with the Vampire, and the kid from Near Dark, spring to mind right away. They're sexual characters and they're really adult and angry about it- but they're trapped in there.
Rapid aging and never-aging are both pretty common themes.
I think we're looking at the question wrong. The concept of consent exists because of the concept of harm. (This is why it's illegal & immoral to have sex with people who are not capable of giving consent, as well as those who are capable but do not give it.) If you're of sound mind, anything you consent to is considered to be non-harmful.
So the question is moot--a sexbot can't be harmed in the legal sense (although it can be physically damaged), because it's not a living entity, so the idea of consent doesn't apply to it.
To put it differently: can a vibrator consent to have sex with you? No, and it doesn't matter.
@Penny Royalty: But a vibrator, because of its lack of sapience, can't privilege its own existence. An intelligent enough robot could--so, physically damaging it could be a violation of its individual integrity, and thus qualify as harm.
This also presumes that, in cases of sapient robots, the legal definition of harm wouldn't have to be expanded to include them.
Robots could be programmed to understand the concepts of "free will", "freedom" and "autonomy"and further programmed to reject these concepts in favor of joyful subservience to their Human masters. They don't have to be like us.
@russdanger: Well all I'm saying is that I don't want to have sex with anybody who can't choose to want it. Now if a robot used his free will to CHOOSE to be my joyful sex slave . . .
Once (if) robots are actually intelligent, they become people. Once they become people, depriving them of free will is despicable. Once they're intelligent and possessed of free will, then they can give consent.
@Klebert L. Hall: You must have missed all the debates we've been having about what intelligence means, and how you know whether or not something's achieved it. I think those are the questions that make the issue complicated.
"a difference between what their programming makes them do and what they actually want to do."
there is no difference in humans between what their genetic programming makes them do and what they actually want to do. there are conclusions drawn from conflicting sets of genetic programming that humans must evaluate using 'choice' which is yet another set of genetic programming. unltimately it all boils down to genetics, even our ability to be influcened by others and our environments, the nuture side of the argument, only exists because it's pre-programmed into our genes.
@tetracycloide: I think that you're giving a lot more credence to genetics than is necessarily warranted. Not all impulses are basically genetic; a lot of them can be attributed to early development and education.
The fact that we can be influenced by our environment doesn't change the fact that we are influenced by our environment, and therefore two people with the same genetics could still have substantively different wants.
@braak: it's absolutely true that different individuals can arise from the same genetic makeup given differing influences from their environments. it's also absoulutely true that this ability to store information on and respond to environmental factors is coded in genetic material as explicitly as eye color or toe size. so yes, not all impulses are basically genetic but they are all ultimately genetic.
@tetracycloide: I think this is a semantic assertion. If what we're talking about is the ability to deviate from programming as a sign of sapience, it's not enough to suggest that all human programming comes down to genetics. Broadly, the limits are defined genetically, yes--but there's no way to predict individual behaviors from genetic code. Saying that human beings behave precisely according to their genetic programming is only true in the most general sense.
I think that this is the point where you have to acknowledge the possibility of sentience to a robot--when its behaviors cannot, in large part, be specifically predicted by its programming.
@braak: i'm sure this is going to set off some kind of apocalypse but i think we're in complete accord on this.
@Illuminatus: i feel you're not completely understanding my point. genetics alone determine very little explicitly but implicitly they determine everything because they create the mechanisms that allow other factors to operate within the equation. the sum total of which is a variety of phenotype expressions based on genetics, environmental imputs, and random chance.
What about the other side of the coin. Robots raping people. Can you imagine the Bigdog with a fifth leg? Or robots as agents of war committing rape and/or torture. Are these robots, even if sentient, going to empathize for humanity? Or what about robot snuff? Where does that fall in the moral spectrum?
I don't really think this question is relevant. Would you ask a sex toy for consent? If a robot were programmed to have sex, they would be created for this purpose. Like sex toys. So it's not really relevant to ask for consent from a robot. They're not living beings.
Until we get to a point in technology where a robot brain can copy a biological human brain entirely, it's no use asking a programmed lump of metal for consent. But that's VERY far off in the future. Very.
But hey, that shouldn't stop you from discussing it! :D
@MrThunderfield: there are two fundamental problems in your argument. first is the tacit assumption that sentience and intellegence is the same thing as copying a human brain. second is the assumption that the human brain is anything more than a set of coded operational perameters, genes, and chemical difference engines.
@tetracycloide: Actually, there's a third fundamental problem: that only the complete copying of a brain would qualify as sentience. Children have (debatably) more rudimentary forms of the same machinery and, while we don't always let them make their own decisions, we also have a number of safeguards in place to protect their agency.
So, even if the brain is capable of something more than coded operational parameters, and even if this counts as sentience, there's a serious question as to precisely how much of the brain has to be copied before it qualifies.
@MrThunderfield: Well what I'm talking about here is a future speculative scenario where robots do have human-like intelligence. In that case, I think treating such a being like a sex toy would be a bad idea.
@Annalee Newitz: Well, and the thing about Cherry 2000 is that it's not really a mediation on the nature of free will and consciousness--it's an expression of the desire to claim sexual ownership of a woman.
Though, that's because it isn't a very good movie.
@MrThunderfield: I feel like this post and many of the comments are muddling AI and true machine intelligence. Robots that follow a program aren't sentient - any more than the robots in the Hall of Presidents or those at Chuck E. Cheese are (or are toasters, cars, etc.).
Machines that develop true emergent/sentient intelligence won't be thinking with 'programs' per se, or at least not any more than biological organisms can be said to be, which is 'programmed' more in a metaphoric sense.
I think the answer is pretty cut and dry. If you have sex with a conscious being (whether it's made of meat or silicon or whatever) against its will, you are raping it. If you have sex with a non-conscious object, it doesn't have a will, and can't be raped any more than a fleshlight or whatever.
This isn't even a case of there being a gray area or a continuum, since one type of intelligence isn't really likely to develop into the other. The type of programming that goes into appliances or simulations like those described above is completely different from that which would result in sentience, or even in artificial life.
@tetracycloide: You know, your whole schtick isn't really to extol the abilities of programming (i.e. program incompatibility as genetics) just to radically devalue the human mind and being to a point where you can make that metaphor work.
There's absolutely no guarantee that an artificial intelligence will ever even be possible, regardless of what the popular assumption is. The human being is still fundamentally inexplicable.
They're STILL finding out terribly basic things about genetics, even today. A couple of weeks ago a research team found that genetic replication could somehow direct itself in certain ways which allowed for additional advantage in the end being. But the device that does this is an absolute mystery.
@Pope John Peeps II: actually it's neither to extol the abilities of programming nor to radically devalue the human mind. it is to point out that genetics as code is a literal fact and not a metaphor. a fact you have unfortunately ignored. neither the lack of a guarantee that artificial intelligence will ever exist nor the fact that the human mind is currently inexplicable changes this.
@tetracycloide: That's a totally incorrect syllogism. Genetics as a code IS a literal fact, but that doesn't at all mean that it EQUATES in any way to computer code simply because they are both labeled with the word "code".
Sorry man. I'm not ignoring "facts", as you call them. But apparently you're ignoring logic.
@Pope John Peeps II: actually the reason we call them by the same word is because they DO equate to one another. they are actually so similar there is an entire field of molecular biology devoted to DNA computing, that would be using DNA to replace traditional silicon-based microchips to preform computing operations.
1.) Rape trials don't exist because 'there are gray areas'. Rape trials exist because every person accused of a crime has a right to her day in court. To assert that all rape trials occur because there's some 'gray area' of consent involved is to ignore the fundamental procedural guarantee that a trial provides.
2.) 'Unless you aren't bothered by having sex with a slave or a brainwashed victim, having relationships with robots will probably be just as complicated as having them with humans.'
Actually, I am bothered by those things, which would seem to make having relationships with robots much easier: don't do it. Until there's some sort of leap forward that produces sentient, self-aware, self-replicating robots/automatons/what-have-you, having sex with a robot is effectively having sex with a much lower life form. (Forget the usual sheep jokes, I'm talking echinoderms here.)
@taxbaby: Actually, I am also bothered by having sex with slaves and the brainwashed. I would go so far as to say that I find it repugnant. Which is why I pointed out that having sex with some kind of future sexbot might not be as simple as movies like Cherry 2000 make it out to be.
I think this is all a more than a little premature. Unless there are some incredible break-throughs in AI then for the foreseeable future sex with robots is really just an expensive form of masturbation.
@Belabras: I agree with the AI thing. "Consent" would mean actual agreement that's derived from conscious thought, and... programming is still a bunch of code that leads to a predetermined conclusion.
In other words, until your mentioned break-throughs occur, indeed, robot sex is pretty much the same as doinking a Fleshlight, only it would be a Fleshlight gussied up with a voicebox and whirring sounds.
Phenotype expression alone disproves that. Furthermore, your argument about people being chemical-reaction machines is undermined by complexity theory.
@Illuminatus: the ability to express traits based on learned parameters is an expression of genes that code this ability. in this case the distiction between genotype and phenotype expression is one without difference.
@tetracycloide: So the only way your argument holds is if the genes are specifically coded to allow for emergent and learned behaviors. To rephrase it, our genes provide a framework that allows for an unpredictable phenotypic expression. Is that what I'm getting here?
If that is the case, then the same is possible for computers. We code them to be able to learn, thus allowing emergent personhood, learning, and, therefore, consent. Right?
I wonder, though.... What if they get to the point where someone makes a servant-bot for meanial and carnal servitude that looks identical to an actual human. You know, cause they couldn't date the real person they build themselves him/her? I worry about the uncanny valley and such...
@D'Amicos one good year: At that point you run into another legal issue, less driven by ethics but no less creepy: Right of Publicity.
Under this legal ideal, the consent for the use of name and likeness needs to be considered in any case where a person's identity is tied to a product. Case in point where the right of publicity was brought to bear was the vaccume commercials that featured Fred Astaire a few years ago, where the product was gumped into one of his dances. Astaire's heirs prompted legislation in Sacramento intended to protect their interests in his image, and soon a whole new set of considerations to fill a law school seminar was launched.
Let's take this to the next level: Even before you run into the whole machine-love issue, you'd have the separate front of the person being simulated needing to be compensated for use of their likeness, whether requested by that person or said person's heirs and estate. Which means you cannot make your robot look like Marilyn Monroe (ESPECIALLY her considering how protective her estate is of her image!) or anyone else without obtianing permission first.
And if you can actively sell permission for use of your image for such purpose, there's going to be the whole running afoul of "illicit commerce" laws in different jurisdictions that someone out there is likely to bring up. Even if you're not actively sleeping with someone for money but your robot double is, then we're likely to see some creative application of the codes covering prostitution being brought against you.
Moral of the story: Before you sleep with your robot, make sure the consent forms are on file and you get together in a socially liberal jurisdiction...
@James Ryan: Oooh, but what if you could customize your robot's appearance in any way you like? So you buy a robot with a blank slate, then design it to look like Marilyn Monroe, but without intention of resale?
@James Ryan: I'm waiting for the moment where Fair Use meets Rule 34, all in an image on a sex bot.
I think you'd have more of a market in custom models. I could be wrong, but I'd suspect that people would be more interested in copies of folks they know, rather than celebs. Legally just as bad, but much easier to do under the radar.
12/23/08
Do we really want sentient robots?
If some of you answer yes, then I aks you another question:
Why then robots, when you can rise (sentient) children?
I really think robots should not be sentient, or in any case if they should, only with a human brain (transplanted?), to make a difference.
An now another point:
Are we programmed? doesn't mose men get excited wen they see a naked good looking woman o viceversa? or when you had a one night stand that you cant remember cos all the alcohol, tabac, etc etc. Was it really you or your programming?
Any answers ? :-)
12/26/08
12/26/08
12/22/08
Consent pertains to something one is capable of choosing to do. It does not apply to that which is impossible in reality. For instance, no one can "consent" to defy the law of gravity. The concept simply doesn't apply. Why? Because the act cannot be performed. If something cannot be done, it is impossible for anyone to allow it to be done. "Will" does not supersede reality. Reality is the primary, not one's desires.
Will presupposes reality. Will does not and cannnot exist without reality. As such, to apply the concept 'consent' to that which is outside reality is (again) the commission of the logical fallacy of the 'stolen concept'.
12/28/08
12/22/08
If a robot is capable of understanding the act of sex, and capable of desiring something or not desiring something, then its consent in intelligible non-coerced form is necessary.
Children can't consent to sex because they don't understand the consequences, and because the power imbalance is so great between a child and an adult. I have the feeling that robots, in some forms, would be much the same- the power imbalance would be so great as to make it rape regardless of their "informed" consent.
Of course brainwashing or programming a robot to want sex is the equivalent of dosing someone with a drug...take away the ability to knowingly consent, and the ability to say no, and you've got rape. That's the power imbalance right there.
Animals can't consent to sex because we can't translate their consent or lack of it- despite some gross people claiming the contrary- and I think some robots will fall into this category as well.
Of course a vibrator has no need of consent, since it has no desire to do anything. It's when robots hit the level of sentience that allows them desire, or the lack of it- along with the ability to refuse things- at that point, if it CAPABLE of refusal, but has been programmed not to, that's where it starts getting all rape-y.
I've been thinking lately about having sex with my own clone, or with my own future/past self. How weird would that be? Closer than kin, it would probably be really strange but given the opportunity I think I'd most likely have to do it...most people might not but I've always wanted to try everything, so for those who would...*cue lorraine mcfly* "IT was like kissing my...brother."
whew, that was a lot of words
12/22/08
"Why is it in Science Fiction that almost every time there is a baby, it grows unnaturally fast and then turns into a sexy adult that someone will have sex with?"
To be fair, you did ask for weird.
The most straight-forward case of this (that I can think of) is Isabelle Tyler from the 4400. We wait a long while for her to be born, then she kind of "sucks" up her mother's age and then turns into a sexy young woman. She very shortly thereafter gets married.
This phenomenon has variations. In "Children of Dune" Ghanima Atreides gets married when she's nine years old and presumably shacks up with her husband, but it's "okay" since she has the genetic memory of everyone who has ever lived and is therefore mentally an adult.
In the "Old Man's War" universe, Jane Sagan is chronologically a child, but since she's a special forces clone she has an adult body and mind, and then she shacks up with a chronological and mental adult.
Spock in "The Search for Spock" was less than a chronological year old when he started getting some hot Pon'Far action from Sareck as Genesis began to die.
Rapid aging is a common meme in science fiction, and I take the sexuality part of it as a commentary on what makes someone a rational agent, but I'd be interested to see your thoughts on it.
12/22/08
Which I'm kind of surprised I still remember. Huh.
12/22/08
Rapid aging and never-aging are both pretty common themes.
12/22/08
So the question is moot--a sexbot can't be harmed in the legal sense (although it can be physically damaged), because it's not a living entity, so the idea of consent doesn't apply to it.
To put it differently: can a vibrator consent to have sex with you? No, and it doesn't matter.
12/22/08
This also presumes that, in cases of sapient robots, the legal definition of harm wouldn't have to be expanded to include them.
12/22/08
12/22/08
12/22/08
Seems pretty straightforward, to me.
-Kle.
12/22/08
12/22/08
12/22/08
12/22/08
there is no difference in humans between what their genetic programming makes them do and what they actually want to do. there are conclusions drawn from conflicting sets of genetic programming that humans must evaluate using 'choice' which is yet another set of genetic programming. unltimately it all boils down to genetics, even our ability to be influcened by others and our environments, the nuture side of the argument, only exists because it's pre-programmed into our genes.
12/22/08
The fact that we can be influenced by our environment doesn't change the fact that we are influenced by our environment, and therefore two people with the same genetics could still have substantively different wants.
12/22/08
12/22/08
I think that this is the point where you have to acknowledge the possibility of sentience to a robot--when its behaviors cannot, in large part, be specifically predicted by its programming.
12/22/08
@Illuminatus: i feel you're not completely understanding my point. genetics alone determine very little explicitly but implicitly they determine everything because they create the mechanisms that allow other factors to operate within the equation. the sum total of which is a variety of phenotype expressions based on genetics, environmental imputs, and random chance.
12/22/08
12/22/08
12/22/08
12/22/08
Until we get to a point in technology where a robot brain can copy a biological human brain entirely, it's no use asking a programmed lump of metal for consent. But that's VERY far off in the future. Very.
But hey, that shouldn't stop you from discussing it! :D
12/22/08
12/22/08
So, even if the brain is capable of something more than coded operational parameters, and even if this counts as sentience, there's a serious question as to precisely how much of the brain has to be copied before it qualifies.
12/22/08
12/22/08
Though, that's because it isn't a very good movie.
12/22/08
12/22/08
Machines that develop true emergent/sentient intelligence won't be thinking with 'programs' per se, or at least not any more than biological organisms can be said to be, which is 'programmed' more in a metaphoric sense.
I think the answer is pretty cut and dry. If you have sex with a conscious being (whether it's made of meat or silicon or whatever) against its will, you are raping it. If you have sex with a non-conscious object, it doesn't have a will, and can't be raped any more than a fleshlight or whatever.
This isn't even a case of there being a gray area or a continuum, since one type of intelligence isn't really likely to develop into the other. The type of programming that goes into appliances or simulations like those described above is completely different from that which would result in sentience, or even in artificial life.
12/22/08
12/22/08
There's absolutely no guarantee that an artificial intelligence will ever even be possible, regardless of what the popular assumption is. The human being is still fundamentally inexplicable.
They're STILL finding out terribly basic things about genetics, even today. A couple of weeks ago a research team found that genetic replication could somehow direct itself in certain ways which allowed for additional advantage in the end being. But the device that does this is an absolute mystery.
12/22/08
12/23/08
Sorry man. I'm not ignoring "facts", as you call them. But apparently you're ignoring logic.
12/23/08
12/22/08
1.) Rape trials don't exist because 'there are gray areas'. Rape trials exist because every person accused of a crime has a right to her day in court. To assert that all rape trials occur because there's some 'gray area' of consent involved is to ignore the fundamental procedural guarantee that a trial provides.
2.) 'Unless you aren't bothered by having sex with a slave or a brainwashed victim, having relationships with robots will probably be just as complicated as having them with humans.'
Actually, I am bothered by those things, which would seem to make having relationships with robots much easier: don't do it. Until there's some sort of leap forward that produces sentient, self-aware, self-replicating robots/automatons/what-have-you, having sex with a robot is effectively having sex with a much lower life form. (Forget the usual sheep jokes, I'm talking echinoderms here.)
12/22/08
12/22/08
All of which leads me to mention this:
[kotaku.com]
12/22/08
In other words, until your mentioned break-throughs occur, indeed, robot sex is pretty much the same as doinking a Fleshlight, only it would be a Fleshlight gussied up with a voicebox and whirring sounds.
12/22/08
12/22/08
Phenotype expression alone disproves that. Furthermore, your argument about people being chemical-reaction machines is undermined by complexity theory.
12/22/08
12/22/08
If that is the case, then the same is possible for computers. We code them to be able to learn, thus allowing emergent personhood, learning, and, therefore, consent. Right?
12/22/08
12/22/08
Venture Bros. style.
12/22/08
Under this legal ideal, the consent for the use of name and likeness needs to be considered in any case where a person's identity is tied to a product. Case in point where the right of publicity was brought to bear was the vaccume commercials that featured Fred Astaire a few years ago, where the product was gumped into one of his dances. Astaire's heirs prompted legislation in Sacramento intended to protect their interests in his image, and soon a whole new set of considerations to fill a law school seminar was launched.
Let's take this to the next level: Even before you run into the whole machine-love issue, you'd have the separate front of the person being simulated needing to be compensated for use of their likeness, whether requested by that person or said person's heirs and estate. Which means you cannot make your robot look like Marilyn Monroe (ESPECIALLY her considering how protective her estate is of her image!) or anyone else without obtianing permission first.
And if you can actively sell permission for use of your image for such purpose, there's going to be the whole running afoul of "illicit commerce" laws in different jurisdictions that someone out there is likely to bring up. Even if you're not actively sleeping with someone for money but your robot double is, then we're likely to see some creative application of the codes covering prostitution being brought against you.
Moral of the story: Before you sleep with your robot, make sure the consent forms are on file and you get together in a socially liberal jurisdiction...
12/22/08
12/22/08
I think you'd have more of a market in custom models. I could be wrong, but I'd suspect that people would be more interested in copies of folks they know, rather than celebs. Legally just as bad, but much easier to do under the radar.
12/22/08
And I'm not (necessarily) referring to Donna Haraway's writings either.
12/22/08
Ahhheheheheheheh.